C++ OOP (object-oriented programming):
C++ is also super-set of C, which means every C program is also a
legal C++ program.
C++
OOP was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
starting in 1979 at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, New Jersey, as an enhancement to
the C language and originally named C with Classes but then it's name was changed to C++
in 1983.
Object:
C++ OOP introduces object-oriented
programming (OOP)
features to C.
It offers classes, which provide the four features
commonly present in OOP (and some non-OOP) languages:
1-Abstraction,
2- Inheritance
3- Polymorphism
4-Encapsulation
Abstraction:
Abstraction is also among the key
concepts of C++
OOP.
Abstraction means to hide something unwanted details and exposing only the essential
features of an object or concept. Abstraction is supported using the interface and an abstract class. Abstraction only focuses on what the object does instead of
how it does.
Inheritance:
A very important aspect in the object-oriented program is
inheritance. In Inheritance, you can use a code more than one time in the same program. As the name
of the topic suggests that you can make other classes from the already existing
classes.
In C++ OOP Inheritance means that you can use a code more than
one time the re-usability of code have been made possible in C++ OOP
Polymorphism:
In C++ OOP:
Polymorphism
means “many shapes.” It refers to the ability of
one object to have many types. If we have a function that expects a Vehicle
object, we can safely pass it a Car object, because every Car is also a
Vehicle. This is how polymorphism works.
Encapsulation
in C++ OOP is
defined as:
Grouping of
related data and functions together as objects and defining an interface to
those objects is called Encapsulation.
Here it is
clarified which object is engaged on which function.
I hope
that you have already understood the concept of C++ Template which we have
discussed earlier in introduction to C++.
CLASSES:
A class in C++ is a user-defined
type or data structure declared with the keyword
class that
has data and functions (also called member variables and member
functions) as its members whose depends upon the following three access specifiers:
1.
Private
2.
protected
3.
Public.
Members
declared public within a class can also be accessed outside class but and within a
program. Public members can be accessed using direct access operator (.) with
the object of the class.
Private Members :
Members
declared private cannot be accessed or even viewed by any object or
function outside the class. Only the member functions or friend functions can
access private members.
Protected Members :
Members
declared protected cannot be accessed outside the class but they can be
accessed by any derived class of that class.
By default access to members of a C++ class is private. Private members cannot be accessed outside the class. They can be accessed only through methods of the class. The public members form an interface to the class and are accessible outside the class.
Library in C++ OOP:
The library of C++ OOP is
categorized into two types:
- The Standard Function Library
- The Object-Oriented Class Library
The Standard Function Library:
It is further categorized into
following:
<iostream> It
Contains function prototypes for the C++ standard input and standard
output functions.
<cmath> it Contains function prototypes for math library functions.
<cstdlib> It Contains function for conversions of numbers to text.
<ctime> It Contains function and types for manipulating the time and date.
<cstring> It Contains function prototypes for C-style string-processing functions.
<cstdio> It Contains function for the C-style standard input/output library functions and information used by them.
<fstream> It Contains functions that perform input from files on disk and output to files on disk.
<string> It Contains the definition of class string from the C++ Standard Library.
The Object-Oriented Class Library:
The class library is further categorized into
following:
- The String Class
- The Numeric Classes
- The STL Algorithms
- The STL Function Objects
THANK YOU FOR READING THE ARTICLE I HOPE THAT IT HELPED U.
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